django中的Session和Cookie
简单来说，Cookie和Session都是为了记录用户相关信息的方式，最大的区别就是Cookie在客户端记录而Session在服务端记录内容。
那么Cookie和Session之间的联系是怎么建立的呢？换言之，当服务器接收到一个请求时候，根据什么来判断读取哪个Session的呢？
对于Django默认情况来说，当用户登录后就可以发现Cookie里有一个sessionid的字段，根据这个key就可以取得在服务器端记录的详细内容。如果将这个字段删除，刷新页面就会发现变成未登录状态了。
对于Session的处理主要在源码django/contrib/sessions/middleware.py中，如下所示：
import time
from importlib import import_module
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.sessions.backends.base import UpdateError
from django.core.exceptions import SuspiciousOperation
from django.utils.cache import patch_vary_headers
from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin
from django.utils.http import cookie_date
class SessionMiddleware(MiddlewareMixin):
def __init__(self, get_response=None):
self.get_response = get_response
engine = import_module(settings.SESSION_ENGINE)
self.SessionStore = engine.SessionStore
def process_request(self, request):
session_key = request.COOKIES.get(settings.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME)
request.session = self.SessionStore(session_key)
def process_response(self, request, response):
"""
If request.session was modified, or if the configuration is to save the
session every time, save the changes and set a session cookie or delete
the session cookie if the session has been emptied.
"""
try:
accessed = request.session.accessed
modified = request.session.modified
empty = request.session.is_empty()
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
# First check if we need to delete this cookie.
# The session should be deleted only if the session is entirely empty
if settings.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME in request.COOKIES and empty:
response.delete_cookie(
settings.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME,
path=settings.SESSION_COOKIE_PATH,
domain=settings.SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN,
)
else:
if accessed:
patch_vary_headers(response, ('Cookie',))
if (modified or settings.SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST) and not empty:
if request.session.get_expire_at_browser_close():
max_age = None
expires = None
else:
max_age = request.session.get_expiry_age()
expires_time = time.time() + max_age
expires = cookie_date(expires_time)
# Save the session data and refresh the client cookie.
# Skip session save for 500 responses, refs #3881.
if response.status_code != 500:
try:
request.session.save()
except UpdateError:
raise SuspiciousOperation(
"The request's session was deleted before the "
"request completed. The user may have logged "
"out in a concurrent request, for example."
)
response.set_cookie(
settings.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME,
request.session.session_key, max_age=max_age,
expires=expires, domain=settings.SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN,
path=settings.SESSION_COOKIE_PATH,
secure=settings.SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE or None,
httponly=settings.SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY or None,
)
return response
当接收到一个请求时候，先在Cookie里取出key，然后根据key创建Session对象，在response时候判断是否要删除或者修改sessionid。
也就是说，Django中如果客户把浏览器Cookie禁用后，用户相关的功能就全都失效了，因为服务端根本没法知道当前用户是谁。
对于这种情况，关键点就是如何把sessionid不使用Cookie传递给客户端，常见的比如放在URL中，也就是URL重写技术。想实现这点可以自己写Middleware。不过django并不建议这么做：
The Django sessions framework is entirely, and solely, cookie-based. It does not fall back to putting session IDs in URLs as a last resort, as PHP does. This is an intentional design decision. Not only does that behavior make URLs ugly, it makes your site vulnerable to session-ID theft via the “Referer” header.
