基于Docker的以太坊开发环境搭建
本地开发环境可以使用geth和testrpc(已经改名成ganache-cli)2种，如果只是进行测试或者学习智能合约开发的话，建议使用第二个。至于docker怎么安装网上很多这里不再赘述。
ganache-cli
ganache-cli是专门用来测试的单节点服务，大大简化了初学者的学习门槛。我们使用docker直接拉取镜像并且运行容器即可：
docker pull trufflesuite/ganache-cli
docker run -d -p 8545:8545 trufflesuite/ganache-cli:latest
注意这里暴露rpc端口8545以便后续使用。查看容器log发现有如下输出:
0 % docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ab32d69568d5 trufflesuite/ganache-cli:latest "node ./build/cli.no…" 2 seconds ago Up 1 second 0.0.0.0:8545->8545/tcp determined_lalande
bigdata@localhost ~
0 % docker logs ab32
Ganache CLI v6.1.0 (ganache-core: 2.1.0)
Available Accounts
==================
(0) 0xc2f8b7721aecd04f0eec86312922be6a7c76c0b5
(1) 0x9ef2dbfa5858ec3df4056cd3bf042901eace1624
(2) 0x5da72a88644fc685d83d80ff4eb762c6e3cfb09e
(3) 0x031052fe58207ddd45a126fb6a2aeac1e6a2023d
(4) 0x96f332a4c9c39b2c0dd852fa7d4297a3adfd8d34
(5) 0x12792fdd051069721f7cc775947e30be16392f74
(6) 0xf203479478e035be68a6672e7fe9039be246be2e
(7) 0xb3bba9d62a8ca96a2869f5993dab9653b24c8be6
(8) 0x52cb7b373f47ac88b6f2ab02367c13487ed7902e
(9) 0xdf2fadf330fe872d9c68029a71988d27bb0df2a3
Private Keys
==================
(0) db2cd03a33d3229064c9f130681901f02fe92a74e0d498617a0ce200260d50d3
(1) 0934d8d2ccdb9b2c79e6bba9a2845aefc9822a0d0ba25be4223271c318ef4cfb
(2) c151a140505e23cc11d6ad3376f227f434a3799a614e88fa3d5af61c2000c6c0
(3) 0f5ff60acd03808222ec78460d213677dd4d313973e0ee8e8206248f1e217c9c
(4) c8ccb7783be8396ad5074d414a9dc75c900a2950635b0aaf11ef08049c6a67b1
(5) c2b7ab621545f844caa12468bd8305de7a25c3752db2558742f2b86af0992088
(6) 29e6d35ef0c1a75bb9ff908899eb29dc1b9ebbf54a6fff889dacbd7131048164
(7) cda3c058c06db1a71226236baf0ce1df4cc86b2ba1dc16e1ef780b3f25a5ba1a
(8) d5560a41df67cb5e74cc30a8a3ce99274c1e3c93c7181ad867f10dc44de85ac3
(9) 0bdd9da376f2fab0eaf4d8ddba4294fbb3f84a824087ff592740228ab57a3e2d
HD Wallet
==================
Mnemonic: shaft travel notable balcony mystery text vast eight cycle armed affair vessel
Base HD Path: m/44'/60'/0'/0/{account_index}
Listening on localhost:8545
完事，用docker就是这么简单。镜像中自动创建账户并且分配了100eth到每个账户中。
geth
另一种就是官网的golang客户端geth，当然也可以通过go get命令在直接安装，但我这里还是使用docker：
docker pull ethereum/client-go
docker run -d --name ethereum-node -v /mnt/files/myethereum:/root -p 8545:8545 -p 30303:30303 ethereum/client-go --rpcaddr 0.0.0.0 --rpc --rpccorsdomain "*" --rpcapi "web3,eth" --testnet
根据情况修改-v后面的参数，运行容器时记得添加后面的各种参数，否则在使用remix连接时候可能会报错Not possible to connect to the Web3 Provider。
运行成功后进入容器中:
docker exec -it ethereum-node sh
/ # ls /root/.ethereum/testnet/
geth geth.ipc keystore
/ # geth attach ipc://root/.ethereum/testnet/geth.ipc
Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console!
instance: Geth/v1.8.9-unstable-be22ee8d/linux-amd64/go1.10.2
modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0
使用geth attach命令进入终端后，查看账户：
> personal.listAccounts
[]
目前是没有账户的，来创建新账户：
> personal.newAccount("123456")
"0x732aed1c5dfba79712698ddd7a2724a13b719975"
> personal.listAccounts
["0x732aed1c5dfba79712698ddd7a2724a13b719975"]
123456是密码，返回的是账户地址。查看余额：
> web3.eth.getBalance(personal.listAccounts[0])
0
当前账户余额为０。
开始挖矿
> miner.start()
null
使用docker logs命令查看日志，发现如下输出：
INFO [05-25|07:31:07] Commit new mining work number=37 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=193.682µs
INFO [05-25|07:31:07] Imported new block headers count=0 elapsed=10.525ms number=7888 hash=047277…30a270 ignored=192
INFO [05-25|07:31:08] Generating DAG in progress epoch=1 percentage=86 elapsed=2m9.829s
INFO [05-25|07:31:09] Imported new block receipts count=0 elapsed=2.569ms number=7697 hash=c10545…927b36 size=0.00B ignored=193
INFO [05-25|07:31:09] Imported new block headers count=0 elapsed=21.729ms number=8080 hash=eaf61a…16348d ignored=192
INFO [05-25|07:31:09] Successfully sealed new block number=37 hash=2c9711…69fe1e
INFO [05-25|07:31:09] 🔗 block reached canonical chain number=32 hash=a1b397…5057b3
INFO [05-25|07:31:09] 🔨 mined potential block number=37 hash=2c9711…69fe1e
INFO [05-25|07:31:09] Commit new mining work number=38 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=360.395µs
INFO [05-25|07:31:10] Generating DAG in progress epoch=1 percentage=87 elapsed=2m11.381s
INFO [05-25|07:31:11] Imported new state entries count=768 elapsed=2.977ms processed=4883618 pending=3083 retry=0 duplicate=0 unexpected=0
INFO [05-25|07:31:11] Imported new block receipts count=0 elapsed=1.716ms number=7891 hash=6af5d1…008a67 size=0.00B ignored=194
INFO [05-25|07:31:11] Imported new block headers count=0 elapsed=10.914ms number=8272 hash=b4afad…9154f0 ignored=192
INFO [05-25|07:31:11] Successfully sealed new block number=38 hash=e84cd2…0ba05b
再看钱包余额:
> web3.eth.getBalance(personal.listAccounts[0])
105000000000000000000
接下来解锁钱包，这样才能用于智能合约:
> addr = eth.accounts[0]
"0x732aed1c5dfba79712698ddd7a2724a13b719975"
> personal.unlockAccount(addr,'123456',1000000)
true
其中unlockAccount函数第二个参数是账户密码，第三个参数是解锁时间。这里设定1000000秒内账户都是活跃状态，这样再次操作时候就不用解锁了。
remix
remix是一个在线智能合约IDE，注意打开这个网站时候使用http而不是https，否则也可能会报错Not possible to connect to the Web3 Provider。
打开网站后在右上角run面板中修改Environment选项为web3 provider，然后打开settings面版，选择Solidity的版本，否则可能会报错mock compiler: source not found
编写一个最简单的合约：
pragma solidity ^0.4.0;
contract MyfirstContract {
uint storeData;
function set(uint x){
storeData = x;
}
function get() constant returns (uint retVal){
return storeData;
}
}
编译完成后点击deploy进行部署，然后设置一个数值点击set调用即可：
从上图看到这次交易消耗了41733个gas。
